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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">call方法和apply方法以及bind方法</h1>
        

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        <h3 id="call方法-和-apply方法-以及-bind方法"><a href="#call方法-和-apply方法-以及-bind方法" class="headerlink" title="call方法 和  apply方法 以及 bind方法"></a>call方法 和  apply方法 以及 bind方法</h3><h4 id="call方法和apply方法"><a href="#call方法和apply方法" class="headerlink" title="call方法和apply方法"></a>call方法和apply方法</h4><ul>
<li>函数的call方法可以实现改变this指向 然后调用该函数</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">function fn()&#123;</div><div class="line">   //当fn.call时 则内部的this=fn.call方法</div><div class="line">   console.log(this)   </div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">var obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">    foo:&apos;bar&apos;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">fn.call(this) //fn</div><div class="line">fn.call(obj) //函数借用 obj</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">function Person()&#123;</div><div class="line">    fn.call(this) //相当于把fn中的函数借用过来</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">Person() //window</div><div class="line">new Person // 实例对象</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>相同点： </li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>apply 和 call 的作用一样</li>
<li>第一个参数也是用来指定内部的 this 指向的</li>
<li>fn.apply(this)和fn.call(this)</li>
<li>call 和 apply 的返回值就是被调用函数的返回值</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p>不同点：apply 和 call 的区别就在于传参的方式不一样</p>
<ul>
<li>call方法<ol>
<li>可以传多个参数</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">2. 指定为方法传递参数，他们对应方法的参数一一对应传递过去</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">   function fn (a, b, c) &#123;</div><div class="line">      console.log(this, a, b, c)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    var ret = fn.call(this, 1,2,3,4)</div><div class="line">//结果： window   1 2 3  undefined</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p>apply方法</p>
<ol>
<li>apply 必须传数组<ol>
<li>apply 会把参数数组给展开，然后一一对应的传递给 fn 方法</li>
<li>apply 只处理第一个参数参数，其它的不处理</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p>​<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">  function fn (a, b, c) &#123;</div><div class="line">  console.log(this, a, b, c)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">var ret = fn.apply(this, [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])</div><div class="line">//结果： window   1 2 3</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>​</p>
<p> call方法应用例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"></div><div class="line">```javascript</div><div class="line"> &lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">    var animals = [</div><div class="line">      &#123; species: &apos;Lion&apos;, name: &apos;King&apos; &#125;,</div><div class="line">      &#123; species: &apos;Whale&apos;, name: &apos;Fail&apos; &#125;</div><div class="line">    ];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    var handle = function (i) &#123;</div><div class="line">      // this = animals[i]</div><div class="line">      this.print = function () &#123;</div><div class="line">        console.log(&apos;#&apos; + i + &apos; &apos; + this.species + &apos;: &apos; + this.name);</div><div class="line">      &#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    for (var i = 0; i &lt; animals.length; i++) &#123;</div><div class="line">      ;(function (i) &#123;</div><div class="line">        this.print = function () &#123;</div><div class="line">          console.log(&apos;#&apos; + i + &apos; &apos; + this.species + &apos;: &apos; + this.name);</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">      &#125;).call(animals[i], i)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    console.log(i)</div><div class="line">  &lt;/script&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="bind方法"><a href="#bind方法" class="headerlink" title="bind方法"></a>bind方法</h4><ul>
<li>bind方法也是用来改变函数内部this指向的，但是他不调用，二食返回一个指定了this环境的新函数；</li>
<li>注意：这个方法只是指定this的指向，但是不会执行，只是返回一个指定this指向的新函数</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">        name: <span class="string">'haha'</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> user = &#123;</div><div class="line">      sayName: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">var</span> that = <span class="keyword">this</span></div><div class="line">        setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">          <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(that.name)</div><div class="line">        &#125;, <span class="number">1000</span>)</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 等价于上面的方法，指定this的指向</span></div><div class="line">        setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">          <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.name)</div><div class="line">        &#125;.bind(<span class="keyword">this</span>), <span class="number">1000</span>)</div><div class="line">      &#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    user.sayName() <span class="comment">//张三</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>javascript中的传参方式是先求值之后在进行传参</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">  var handle = function () &#123;</div><div class="line">          console.log(this)</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line"> var newHandle = handle.bind(obj)</div><div class="line">// JavaScript 是求值之后才传递参数</div><div class="line"> setTimeout(newHandle, 1000)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>bind的参数的问题</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>bind 可以传参，但是不调用</li>
<li>得到bing之后的新函数也可以进行传参</li>
<li>当你在调用通过 bind 得到的新函数的时候，际上会把你在 bind ,的时候传递的参数和你调用新函数传递的参数进行合并，然后作为函数的参数</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">    var obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">      foo: &apos;bar&apos;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    function fn(x, y, z) &#123;</div><div class="line">      console.log(this, x, y, z)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    var newFn = fn.bind(obj, 1)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    newFn(4, 5) // Object&#123;foo:&apos;bar&apos;&#125; 1 4 5</div><div class="line">&lt;/script&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>参数是以bind的时候传的参数为准 如下：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">    var obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">      foo: &apos;bar&apos;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    function fn(x, y, z) &#123;</div><div class="line">      console.log(this, x, y, z)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    var newFn = fn.bind(obj, 1,2,3)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    newFn(4, 5) // Object&#123;foo:&apos;bar&apos;&#125; 1 2 3</div><div class="line">&lt;/script&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>读取参数的方式按顺序读取</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">    var obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">      foo: &apos;bar&apos;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    function fn(x, y, z) &#123;</div><div class="line">      console.log(this, x, y, z)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    var newFn = fn.bind(obj, 1,2)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    newFn(4, 5) // Object&#123;foo:&apos;bar&apos;&#125; 1 2 4</div><div class="line">&lt;/script&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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